![]() Peasants, organized by trade unions, ex-servicemen’s groups, or Catholic leagues, seized land for themselves, especially in the south agricultural labourers went on strike at harvest time. Unemployment rose to two million as returning soldiers searched for work. Meanwhile, the major arms and shipbuilding firms went bankrupt after the war for lack of government orders. Savings became nearly worthless, and rents collected by landowners plummeted in value. By the end of 1920 the lira was worth only one-sixth of its 1913 value. Wartime governments had printed money to pay for arms, and inflation intensified. Italy faced serious postwar economic problems. The migrant crisis and the growth of populist movementsĮconomic and political crisis: the “two red years”.Student protest and social movements, 1960s to ’80s.Economic stagnation and labour militancy in the 1960s and ’70s.The republic of Salò (the Italian Social Republic) and the German occupation.Economic and political crisis: the “two red years”.Politics and the political system, 1870–87. ![]()
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